A kinetic study of drug elimination: the excretion of paracetamol and its metabolites in man. Data point weighting in pharmacokinetic analysis: intravenous paracetamol in man. Kinetics of acetaminophen absorption and gastric emptying in man. Clements JA, Heading RC, Nimmo WS, Prescott LF.
N-hydroxylation of p-acetophenetidide as a factor in nephrotoxicity. Calder IC, Creek MJ, Williams PJ, Funder CC, Green CR, Ham KN, Tange JD.Untersuchungen über den oxydativen Stoffwechsel des Phenacetins bei der Ratte. Büch H, Pfleger K, Rummel W, Ullrich V, Hey D, Staudinger H.The gastrointestinal absorption of paracetamol in the rat. Bagnall WE, Kelleher J, Walker BE, Losowsky MS.Isolation and identification of paracetamol metabolites. Andrews RS, Bond CC, Burnett J, Saunders A, Watson K.High performance liquid chromatographic estimation of paracetamol metabolites in plasma. Links to PubMed are also available for Selected References.
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#Half life 1.5 full full#
It is extensively metabolized to paracetamol and minor metabolites are probably responsible for toxicity Full textįull text is available as a scanned copy of the original print version. The renal clearances of the glucuronide and sulphate conjugates often exceed the glomerular filtration rate and are independent of urine flow and pH.ĥ Phenacetin absorption depends on formulation. Sulphate conjugation is saturated and the proportion excreted as mercapturic acid and cysteine conjugates is increased.Ĥ The renal clearance of paracetamol depends on urine flow rate by not pH. Paracetamol metabolism is age- and dose-dependent.ģ With hepatotoxic doses, paracetamol metabolism is impaired and the half-life prolonged. About 55% and 30% of a therapeutic dose is excreted in the urine as glucuronide and sulphate conjugates, respectively, whereas mercapturic acid and cysteine conjugates (representing conversion to a potentially toxic intermediate metabolite) each account for some 4% of the dose. The mean systemic availability is about 75%.Ģ Paracetamol is extensively metabolized and the plasma half-life is 1.5-2.5 hours. 1 The rate of absorption of oral paracetamol depends on the rate of gastric emptying and is usually rapid and complete.
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